MONEL® alloy 400 is a nickel-copper alloy known for its excellent corrosion resistance in a wide range of environments. It offers high strength and toughness across a broad temperature range, making it suitable for various industrial applications. This introduction covers its chemical composition, mechanical properties, performance characteristics, industry applications, shapes, sizes, production standards, and other relevant details.
Chemical Composition
Element
Composition (%)
Nickel (Ni)
63.0 min
Copper (Cu)
28.0-34.0
Iron (Fe)
2.5 max
Manganese (Mn)
2.0 max
Silicon (Si)
0.5 max
Carbon (C)
0.3 max
Sulfur (S)
0.024 max
Mechanical Properties
Property
Value
Tensile Strength (Annealed)
517 MPa (75 ksi) min
Yield Strength (Annealed)
172 MPa (25 ksi) min
Elongation (Annealed)
35% min
Hardness (Annealed)
65 HRB max
Performance at Different Temperatures
Temperature Range
Performance
Room Temperature
Excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties
Elevated Temperatures (up to 550°C / 1020°F)
Retains strength and toughness
Cryogenic Temperatures
Maintains ductility and toughness
Industry Applications
MONEL® alloy 400 is utilized in various industries for its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties:
Industry
Applications
Marine
Propeller shafts, seawater valves, pump shafts
Chemical Processing
Sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid production
Oil & Gas
Pump shafts, oil well tools, valve trim
Aerospace
Aircraft fuel tanks, heat exchanger parts
Shapes, Sizes, and Production Standards
Shapes and Sizes
Form
Size Range
Sheets
Thickness: 0.5 mm – 4 mm
Plates
Thickness: 1 mm – 100 mm
Bars
Diameter: 6 mm – 200 mm
Pipes
OD: 6 mm – 1000 mm
Tubes
OD: 6 mm – 1000 mm
Production Standards and Corresponding Grades
Country
Standard
Corresponding Grade
United States
ASTM B127, ASTM B164
UNS N04400
Germany
DIN 17750, DIN 17751
2.4360
France
AFNOR NFM 87-310
–
United Kingdom
BS 3072, BS 3073
NA13
Japan
JIS NW 4400
–
China
GB/T 12771, GB/T 12770
–
Welding, Machining, Polishing, Heat Treatment, and Cold Working
Process
Details
Welding
Welds easily with matching composition filler metals
Machining
Requires sharp tools, low cutting speeds, and heavy feed rates
Polishing
Achieves good surface finish with appropriate techniques
Heat Treatment
Annealing at 870°C (1600°F) followed by water quenching
Cold Working
Good ductility allows for extensive cold forming
Advantages and Disadvantages
Aspect
Advantages
Disadvantages
Advantages
Excellent corrosion resistance across many environments
Limited availability in certain forms
High strength and toughness
Relatively high cost compared to some alternatives
Good mechanical properties at high and low temperatures
Suitable for marine and chemical processing applications
Similar Products
Material Grade
Comparison
Alloy K-500
Similar composition with added aluminum and titanium for increased strength
Conclusion
MONEL® alloy 400 stands out as a versatile nickel-copper alloy renowned for its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties across diverse industries. Its ability to withstand harsh environments, coupled with ease of fabrication and reliability, makes it a preferred choice for critical applications in marine, chemical processing, and aerospace sectors. Designers and engineers seeking a robust material capable of performing under demanding conditions can rely on MONEL® alloy 400 for consistent performance and longevity.
For detailed technical specifications and tailored solutions, consulting with material suppliers and referencing specific product data sheets is recommended.
