INCONEL® Alloy 690: Comprehensive Product Introduction
Introduction to INCONEL® Alloy 690
INCONEL® alloy 690 is a high-chromium nickel alloy known for its exceptional resistance to corrosion, particularly in high-temperature environments. Developed as a specialized alloy, INCONEL® 690 offers superior resistance to stress corrosion cracking, oxidation, and carburization compared to other nickel-based alloys. This article provides a detailed overview of INCONEL® alloy 690, covering its chemical composition, mechanical properties, performance at different temperatures, corresponding grades, industry applications, available forms, sizes, and production standards across various countries.
Chemical Composition of INCONEL® Alloy 690
INCONEL® alloy 690 is composed of specific elements to achieve its superior corrosion-resistant properties:
| Elemen | Komposisi (%) |
|---|---|
| Nikel (Ni) | 58,0 menit |
| Kromium (Cr) | 27.0-31.0 |
| Besi (Fe) | 7.0-11.0 |
| Molibdenum (Mo) | 00,5 maks |
| Mangan (Mn) | 00,5 maks |
| Silikon (Si) | 00,5 maks |
| Karbon (C) | 00,05 maks |
| Belerang (S) | 00,015 maks |
| Fosfor (P) | 00,015 maks |
Mechanical Properties of INCONEL® Alloy 690
INCONEL® alloy 690 exhibits robust mechanical properties suitable for high-temperature applications:
| Milik | Nilai |
|---|---|
| Kekuatan Tarik | 760 MPa (110 ksi) mnt |
| Kekuatan Hasil (offset 0,2%) | 345 MPa (50 ksi) mnt |
| Pemanjangan | 30% menit |
| Kekerasan (Brinell) | 200-250 (bervariasi tergantung perlakuan panas) |
| Kepadatan | 8,19 gram/cm³ |
Performa pada Suhu Berbeda
INCONEL® alloy 690 maintains its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties across a wide range of temperatures:
| Kisaran Suhu | Pertunjukan |
|---|---|
| Suhu Kamar | Ketahanan tinggi terhadap korosi dan kekuatan mekanik |
| Suhu Tinggi (hingga 1000°C / 1832°F) | Mempertahankan kekuatan dan ketahanan oksidasi |
| Suhu Kriogenik | Mempertahankan keuletan dan ketangguhan |
Nilai yang Sesuai di Berbagai Negara
INCONEL® alloy 690 is recognized by various grades in different countries and regions:
| Negara/Wilayah | Nilai |
|---|---|
| Amerika Serikat | UNS N06690 |
| Jerman | 2.4642 |
| Perancis | – |
| Inggris | – |
| Jepang | – |
| Cina | – |
Standar Bentuk, Ukuran, dan Standar Produksi
Bentuk dan Ukuran
INCONEL® alloy 690 is available in various forms and sizes to meet industrial requirements:
| Membentuk | Rentang Ukuran |
|---|---|
| Seprai | Ketebalan: 0,1 mm – 50 mm |
| Piring | Ketebalan: 0,3 mm – 100 mm |
| Bar | Diameter: 5mm – 300mm |
| Kabel | Diameter: 0,1 mm – 10 mm |
| Tabung | Diameter Luar: 6 mm – 200 mm |
| Pipa | Diameter Luar: 10 mm – 300 mm |
| Perlengkapan | Berbagai konfigurasi sesuai standar |
| Penempaan | Berbagai bentuk dan ukuran sesuai standar |
Standar Produksi
INCONEL® alloy 690 conforms to international production standards:
| Standar | Keterangan |
|---|---|
| ASTM B167/B829 | Seamless and welded tubes |
| ASTM B564 | Penempaan |
| ASTM B166 | Batangan dan batangan |
| ASTM B168 | Piring dan seprai |
| ASTM B366 | Perlengkapan |
Industry Applications of INCONEL® Alloy 690
INCONEL® alloy 690 is utilized across various industries due to its exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical properties:
- Pengolahan Kimia: Reactors, heat exchangers, and piping systems in corrosive environments.
- Nuclear Power: Steam generators and reactor core components.
- Pembangkit Listrik: Coal gasification equipment, flare stacks, and hydrogen reformers.
- Minyak dan Gas: Equipment in sour gas environments, including desulfurization units and offshore platforms.
- Luar angkasa: Engine components and thrust reversers.
Advantages of INCONEL® Alloy 690
- Ketahanan Korosi yang Unggul: Excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking, oxidation, and carburization.
- Kekuatan Tinggi: Maintains mechanical integrity at elevated temperatures.
- Keserbagunaan: Suitable for both oxidizing and reducing environments.
- Umur panjang: Provides long-term reliability in aggressive industrial applications.
Kesimpulan
INCONEL® alloy 690 stands as a high-performance alloy renowned for its superior corrosion resistance and mechanical properties in challenging environments. With its specific chemical composition, robust mechanical characteristics, and adherence to international standards, it serves critical applications across global industries. Engineers and designers seeking durable and reliable materials for high-temperature and corrosive environments can confidently consider INCONEL® alloy 690 for their projects.
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This comprehensive introduction and detailed data sheet provide a thorough overview of INCONEL® alloy 690, emphasizing its chemical composition, mechanical properties, performance characteristics at different temperatures, applications, and advantages in demanding industrial environments across various countries.