Hastelloy and Inconel are two prominent families of nickel-based superalloys known for their exceptional corrosion resistance, high-temperature strength, and versatility in various demanding applications across industries. Engineers and material specialists often face the decision of choosing between these alloys based on specific performance requirements. This article explores the differences and similarities between Hastelloy and Inconel, focusing on their properties, chemical compositions, applications, and suitability for different environments.
Химический состав
The chemical compositions of Hastelloy and Inconel alloys are tailored to achieve specific mechanical, thermal, and corrosion-resistant properties. Below are the compositions for three grades from each family arranged for comparison:
Hastelloy Alloys
| Оценка | Химический состав |
|---|---|
| Хастеллой C-276 | Ni: Bal., Cr: 14.5-16.5%, Mo: 15-17%, Fe: 4-7%, W: 3-4.5%, Co: 2.5%, Mn: 1.0%, V: 0.35% |
| Хастеллой С-22 | Ni: Bal., Cr: 20-22.5%, Mo: 12.5-14.5%, Fe: 2-6%, W: 2.5-3.5%, C: 0.015%, Co: 2.5% |
| Хастеллой X | Ni: Bal., Cr: 20.5-23%, Mo: 8-10%, Fe: 17-20%, Co: 0.5-2.5%, W: 0.2-1.0%, C: 0.05-0.15% |
Inconel Alloys
| Оценка | Химический состав |
|---|---|
| Инконель 600 | Ni: 72%, Cr: 14-17%, Fe: 6-10%, Cu: 0.5%, Mn: 1%, Si: 0.5% |
| Инконель 625 | Ni: 58%, Cr: 20-23%, Mo: 8-10%, Nb+Ta: 3.15-4.15%, Fe: 5%, Al: 0.4%, Ti: 0.4%, C: 0.1% |
| Инконель 718 | Ni: 52.5%, Cr: 19%, Mo: 3%, Nb+Ta: 5.1%, Ti: 0.9%, Al: 5.5%, C: 0.08% |
Properties Comparison
The properties of Hastelloy and Inconel alloys determine their performance in various environments, including high temperatures, corrosive atmospheres, and mechanical stress. Here’s a comparison of their key properties:
| Свойство | Хастеллой C-276 | Хастеллой С-22 | Хастеллой X |
|---|---|---|---|
| Температурная устойчивость | Up to 1093°C (2000°F) | Up to 1093°C (2000°F) | Up to 1204°C (2200°F) |
| Устойчивость к коррозии | Отличный | Отличный | Хороший |
| Mechanical Strength | High | High | High |
| Свариваемость | Хороший | Хороший | Хороший |
| технологичность | Хороший | Хороший | Хороший |
| Magnetic Properties | Non-magnetic | Non-magnetic | Non-magnetic |
| Приложения | Chemical processing, aerospace | Chemical processing, aerospace | Gas turbine engines, industrial heating |
| Свойство | Инконель 600 | Инконель 625 | Инконель 718 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Температурная устойчивость | Up to 1177°C (2150°F) | Up to 980°C (1800°F) | Up to 704°C (1300°F) |
| Устойчивость к коррозии | Отличный | Отличный | Отличный |
| Mechanical Strength | Хороший | High | High |
| Свариваемость | Отличный | Хороший | Хороший |
| технологичность | Хороший | Хороший | Хороший |
| Magnetic Properties | Non-magnetic | Non-magnetic | Non-magnetic |
| Приложения | Химическая и пищевая промышленность | Aerospace, marine | Аэрокосмическая промышленность, газовые турбины |
Detailed Analysis
Hastelloy Alloys
Хастеллой C-276:
- Химический состав: Primarily nickel with significant chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten.
- Характеристики: Exceptional resistance to oxidizing and reducing environments, ideal for aggressive chemical processing.
- Приложения: Widely used in chemical reactors, pollution control equipment, and sour gas wells.
Хастеллой С-22:
- Химический состав: Higher chromium and molybdenum content than C-276, with enhanced resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.
- Характеристики: Superior resistance to both oxidizing and reducing acids, suitable for pharmaceutical and chemical processing applications.
- Приложения: Used in pharmaceutical manufacturing, chlorination systems, and pulp and paper production.
Хастеллой X:
- Химический состав: High nickel content with significant additions of chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, and tungsten.
- Характеристики: Excellent oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures, suitable for gas turbine applications and industrial furnace components.
- Приложения: Aerospace components, industrial furnace liners, and gas turbine engine seals.
Inconel Alloys
Инконель 600:
- Химический состав: Predominantly nickel with substantial chromium and iron content.
- Характеристики: Excellent resistance to oxidation, corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking at high temperatures.
- Приложения: Used in furnace components, chemical plant equipment, and heat treating fixtures.
Инконель 625:
- Химический состав: Significant nickel content with additions of chromium, molybdenum, niobium, and tantalum.
- Характеристики: Superior fatigue strength, excellent weldability, and resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments.
- Приложения: Aerospace applications, marine environments, and chemical processing industries.
Инконель 718:
- Химический состав: High nickel and chromium content with additions of molybdenum, niobium, titanium, and aluminum.
- Характеристики: Exceptional strength and toughness at high temperatures, excellent creep-rupture strength.
- Приложения: Gas turbine engines, aerospace components, and cryogenic storage tanks.
Заключение
Hastelloy and Inconel alloys represent two leading families of nickel-based superalloys designed to withstand extreme environments and demanding applications. The choice between Hastelloy and Inconel depends on specific requirements such as temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and weldability. Hastelloy alloys, including C-276, C-22, and X, excel in corrosive chemical environments and high-temperature applications. Inconel alloys, such as 600, 625, and 718, are preferred for their strength, oxidation resistance, and reliability in aerospace and marine applications.
By understanding the distinct properties and applications of each alloy, engineers and materials specialists can make informed decisions to optimize performance, durability, and cost-effectiveness in various industrial sectors.
This comprehensive comparison highlights the strengths and applications of Hastelloy and Inconel alloys, providing valuable insights for selecting the most suitable alloy based on specific engineering requirements and environmental conditions.